The world is grappling with a new threat in the fight against opioid addiction: nitazenes, synthetic drugs 40 times more potent than fentanyl. These illicit substances have been wreaking havoc on communities across Europe and the US, claiming hundreds of lives since their emergence onto the law enforcement radar six years ago.
Nitazenes were first synthesized in the 1950s by CIBA Aktiengesellschaft, an Austrian chemical company. However, due to their highly addictive nature and potential for respiratory depression, they never gained popularity as painkillers. Their illicit use began when labs started synthesizing these molecules using historical formulas found in pharmacology textbooks or developing new ones.
In the US, nitazenes have become widespread, particularly across the Midwest, with most of its production taking place in Mexico or within the country's own illegal laboratories supplied by Asian dealers. The synthetic opioid market in the US is dominated by fentanyl, but nitazenes are increasingly becoming a significant concern.
Europe has traditionally been a heroin-dominated market, but since Afghanistan banned opium poppy cultivation following the Taliban's return to power in 2021, there may be a shortage of heroin. This could lead to synthetic opioids filling the gap and further exacerbating the crisis.
The effects of nitazenes are similar to those of other opioids: relaxation, euphoria, and respiratory depression, which can be fatal in cases of overdose. What makes them particularly hazardous is their potency and unpredictable pharmacokinetic characteristics, making it difficult for medical professionals to predict their impact on users.
As the use of nitazenes continues to rise, experts warn that overdoses will likely surge, mirroring the recent spike in fentanyl-related deaths. Authorities are now calling for increased efforts to monitor and counter the spread of these illicit substances across Europe, with cases also reported in Australia.
Nitazenes were first synthesized in the 1950s by CIBA Aktiengesellschaft, an Austrian chemical company. However, due to their highly addictive nature and potential for respiratory depression, they never gained popularity as painkillers. Their illicit use began when labs started synthesizing these molecules using historical formulas found in pharmacology textbooks or developing new ones.
In the US, nitazenes have become widespread, particularly across the Midwest, with most of its production taking place in Mexico or within the country's own illegal laboratories supplied by Asian dealers. The synthetic opioid market in the US is dominated by fentanyl, but nitazenes are increasingly becoming a significant concern.
Europe has traditionally been a heroin-dominated market, but since Afghanistan banned opium poppy cultivation following the Taliban's return to power in 2021, there may be a shortage of heroin. This could lead to synthetic opioids filling the gap and further exacerbating the crisis.
The effects of nitazenes are similar to those of other opioids: relaxation, euphoria, and respiratory depression, which can be fatal in cases of overdose. What makes them particularly hazardous is their potency and unpredictable pharmacokinetic characteristics, making it difficult for medical professionals to predict their impact on users.
As the use of nitazenes continues to rise, experts warn that overdoses will likely surge, mirroring the recent spike in fentanyl-related deaths. Authorities are now calling for increased efforts to monitor and counter the spread of these illicit substances across Europe, with cases also reported in Australia.